The Taizi City Site in Chongli, Hebei Province: Archaeological Discoveries of the Jin Dynasty Royal Palace
*本文内容来源《金帝夏宫——崇礼太子城遗址考古发掘》*
The site of Prince City, located in Chongli District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, is in the core area of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. After four years of archaeological excavations from 2017 to 2020, the site was recognized as the site of a royal palace in the mid-to-late Jin Dynasty, most likely the Taihe Palace of Jin Zhangzong Xia Pressing. This discovery has extremely significant academic value for the study of Jin Dynasty cities, architecture, the press system, and ceramics。
太子城遗址位置示意图
太子城遗址总平面图
Archaeological work at the site began in 1978 and was accelerated by the successful bid for the Beijing Winter Olympics. In accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics, the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics submitted an application for archaeological excavation to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, which was approved. Excavation results show that the Prince City site is rectangular in plan, with a length of 417.53 meters from north to south, a width of 343.05 meters from east to west, and a direction of 158 °. The west wall is equipped with two courses, with a spacing of 64.15 meters, and the south gate is equipped with an urn and a moat. A total of 72 building sites, 2 wells, 9 ash pits, 22 roads and 4 ditches were found in the city.
2017~2019年太子城遗址总发掘区航拍图
The excavation of the Prince City site not only added a deep historical and cultural heritage to the Winter Olympic Games area, but also demonstrated the concept of “Humanistic Olympics”. During the Winter Olympics, the protection and display project of the site was opened to the outside world in the form of a national archaeological site park, which became a model of combining the construction of Olympic venues with the protection of cultural relics.
Prince city site excavated relics mainly include clay gray ceramic tiles, scops owl, concubines, phoenix and other architectural elements, as well as green glazed architectural elements, copper and iron components, porcelain, gilt dragon ornaments and so on. Porcelain to Ding kiln white porcelain-based, a total of 22 pieces found engraved with “Shangshi Food Bureau” paragraph, as well as imitation of the Ru kiln celadon box, black glazed chicken legs jar. Bronze including sitting dragon, bronze mirror and other remnants. These relics not only reflects the royal attributes, but also for the study of the Jin dynasty royal architecture provides valuable information.
表 太子城与金上京、金陵、长白山神庙遗址出土建筑构件对比
In addition, the site also unearthed a large number of fine white porcelain and celadon porcelain and other royal exclusive porcelain, which is important for the study of the Jin Dynasty ceramic technology, the imperial supply system, the combination of the court with a significant significance. From the Prince City site excavated porcelain combination, Ding kiln white glaze porcelain is the first choice of the Jin dynasty court porcelain, the number and type of rich. Class Ru kiln porcelain is the Jin dynasty court of choice for celadon, although the number and types of less. The discovery of the Northern Song dynasty Ru kiln wash, illustrates the Jin dynasty court of the Northern Song dynasty royal porcelain system of continuation. Make-up white porcelain and other general porcelain on Shanxi Huairen kilns, not deliberately, but because the Prince City site in Longmen County belonged to the Jin Dynasty Xijing Road Xuande Prefecture, Huairen kilns are located in Datong for the capital of the Xijing Road, choose them more because of the convenience of access. The combination of Ding kiln white porcelain and Ru kiln-like celadon in the ruins of Prince City not only continues the combination of Ding kiln white porcelain and Ru kiln celadon in the Northern Song Dynasty, but is also the inheritance of the combination of Xing kiln white porcelain and Yue kiln celadon in the Tang Dynasty, which indicates that the combination of white and celadon is the main combination of shades of porcelain used in the Chinese Tang, Song, and Jin court, reflecting the identification of the Jin Dynasty female Jin tribe with the culture of the Central Plains, and is an important embodiment of the pluralistic unity of the culture of the Chinese nation.
Due to its significant academic value, the site of Crown Prince City was named one of the “Six New Archaeological Discoveries in China in 2018” and selected as one of the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The project was completed by a team led by the head of the project, Huang Xin, with strong support from the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Hebei Provincial Government and other organizations.
chinaware
白釉“尚食局”款碗
金代（1115～1234年）
Ventral diameter 15.5, bottom diameter 7.3, residual height 5.1 cm
Caliber 28.3, base diameter 11.4, height 13.1 cm
Caliber 18.4, base diameter 7.6, height 8.8 cm
Caliber 17.9, base diameter 7.8, height 8.8 cm
Base diameter 7.8, residual height 2.8, thickness 0.6 cm
Base diameter 8, remnant height 6 cm
白釉“尚食局”款碗
Base diameter 8, remnant height 3.4 cm
Base diameter 7, remnant height 1.9 cm
Caliber 21, base diameter 7.4, height 6.5 cm
Caliber 18, height of remains 7.8 cm
Caliber 21.6, base diameter 6.6, height 8, thickness 0.5 cm
Caliber 24.6, base diameter 7.6, height 10.4 cm
化妆白瓷“官”字款碗
Base diameter 8, height 8.8, thickness 0.8 cm
Caliber 19.2, base diameter 5.8, height 7.4 cm
化妆白瓷刻花盘
金代(1115～1234年)
Caliber 20.8, base diameter 6.6, height 4.2 cm
Caliber 20.7, base diameter 6.9, height 4.5, thickness 0.6 cm
Caliber 16.4, base diameter 5.2, height 3.1, thickness 0.3 cm
Caliber 20.5, bottom diameter 6.6, height 3.7
Caliber 12, base diameter 3.6, height 4.8, thickness 0.4 cm
青釉洗
北宋晚期(1086～1127年)
Base diameter 10, length 11.2, height 1.4 cm
Caliber 8.1, base diameter 4.0, height 3.2 cm
Length of remnant 6.1, width of remnant 3.7, thickness 0.5 cm
Caliber 18.1, base diameter 10.5, height 5.6 cm
Caliber 4.9, base diameter 5.6, height 26.5 cm
Caliber 4.6, base diameter 5.4, height 27.6 cm
Length of remnant 6.4, width of remnant 3.8, thickness 0.3 cm
Caliber 8.6, height 3.4 cm
Caliber 12, base diameter 8.4, height 17.2 cm
建筑构件
龙角
金代(1115～1234年)
Length of remnant 25.2, width 4.4 cm / Length of remnant 23.8, width 4 cm
Length 5.4, height 4.4 cm
Remaining height 9.6, width 8.5 cm
Height 35.8, width 12.2 centimeters
Height of remnants 42, width of remnants 33, thickness 21 centimeters
Diameter 12, center thickness 2.4, rim width 2, rim thickness 1.8 cm
Dang diameter 10.2, dang thickness 2, side wheel width 1.8, side wheel thickness 1.1, barrel tile length 29.5, width 10, thickness 1.4,
Perforation diameter 1.3 cm
Length of remains 16, width 8.8 cm
Length 18, width 10 cm
Length of stump 14.8, width 7 cm
Length of remnant 28.8, width of remnant 19.6, thickness 6.2 centimeters
Remains 9.5 in length, 20.7 in width, 2.1 in thickness, and 2.4 cm in width of eaves
Length 9.4, cap diameter 4.2 cm
Same size, 11.7 long, 5.8 wide, 0.02 cm thick
Length of single strand 4.5-5.3, distance between strands 6.7-8.5 cm
“宫”字款条砖
金代(1115～1234年)
Length of remnant 20.3, width 16.4, thickness 4.9 cm
Remaining height 11.6, width 8 cm
Height 46.8, residual width 14.4, base diameter 12.5, head length 11.3, wing length 13.5 centimeters
Height 50, residual width 13.6, base diameter 12.3, head length 10 cm
Length 95.6, width 75.6, thickness 22.5 cm
Length of remnants 30.2, width 16.3, thickness 4.1 cm
Length of remnants 32, width 16.5, thickness 4.3 cm
Length of remnant 32, width 22.4, thickness 3.4 cm
Length 30.9, width 27.6, thickness 4.2 cm
